Revealing the Not-So-Sweet Truths About Diabetes
14 November 2024
Diabetes is a major health concern in Malaysia. Among all South East Asian countries, Malaysia has the highest prevalence of diabetes, with one out of six Malaysians having diabetes.
Of all diabetes cases in Malaysia, type 2 diabetes accounts for 95 percent, a form often associated with physical inactivity and being overweight.
Even more concerning, a 2023 survey by the Institute for Public Health under the Ministry of Health revealed that two out of five adults who have diabetes are unaware of their condition. The study also showed that 56% of diabetics do not have good blood glucose control.
In conjunction with World Diabetes Day, our Consultant General Physician and Endocrinologist, Dr Lim Chong Wei, shares everything you need to know about diabetes, including lesser-known symptoms, the difference between type 1 and 2 diabetes, as well as address common misconceptions about diabetes.
Understanding Diabetes
Diabetes is a chronic condition that develops when blood sugar levels are too high. This occurs when the body cannot properly absorb sugar for energy due to issues with insulin —a crucial hormone produced by the pancreas.
The most common types of diabetes are type 1 and type 2 diabetes. What differentiates them from each other, explains Dr Lim, is that type 1 diabetes results from the body attacking the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, leading to insulin deficiency.
“In contrast, type 2 diabetes arises when the body does not produce enough insulin or the insulin is not functioning properly,” says Dr Lim.
What Are the Lesser-Known Symptoms of Diabetes?
According to Dr Lim, diabetes can present in various ways. While common symptoms include increasing thirst, tiredness and frequent urination, there are also lesser-known symptoms that many may not be aware of.
“Diabetes symptoms can also include lightheadedness due to frequent urination, as well as blurred vision caused by altered fluid levels in the eyes.”
Another lesser-known symptom of diabetes, Dr Lim notes, are recurrent infections, such as skin, yeast and bladder infections.
In men, erectile dysfunction can also be a possible symptom of diabetes, due to nerve damage from high blood sugar levels.
What Puts You at a Higher Risk of Developing Diabetes?
Your lifestyle plays a major role in influencing your risk of type 2 diabetes. Dr Lim lists several habits or conditions that can increase this risk, including:
- Increasing body weight
- Sedentary lifestyle
- A history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Common Misconceptions About Diabetes
Drawing on his years of experience as a endocrine specialist, Dr Lim addresses several common misconceptions about diabetes:
.png)
Individuals with type 2 diabetes should avoid all sugary foods, sweets and fruits.
False. Occasionally enjoying sugary food is fine as part of a balanced diet. However, excessive consumption of sugar and sweets can contribute to obesity, which complicates diabetes management and increases risk of serious health conditions such as stroke and heart disease. The recommended daily sugar intake is up to 50g, or about ten teaspoons, for adults, per Malaysian dietary guidelines.
Also, he shares that fruit is naturally sweet, and hence intake should be limited to just one serving at a time, and it is preferable to opt for fresh fruit over juice.
It is necessary to cut out carbohydrates if one has diabetes.
False. Everyone needs some carbohydrate-containing food in their diet. The exact amount you need depends on your age, activity levels, and health goals. However, one might consider a low-carbohydrate diet to help them lose weight and manage their diabetes.
Research shows that the quality of the carbohydrates matters more than quantity consumed for overall health. Foods with a low glycemic index (GI) can help manage blood sugar levels, and hence it is beneficial to choose high-fibre and wholegrain foods over refined carbohydrates like white bread. However, those on diabetic medications considering a low-carbohydrate diet should consult their physician to avoid hypoglycaemia.
Diabetes can be cured.
False. There is no cure for diabetes. However, early-stage type 2 diabetes can sometimes be put into remission through following a diet that results in significant weight loss.
Blood sugar levels can be managed without medication.
Depends. Some individuals with early-stage type 2 diabetes may be able to control blood sugar levels through diet and lifestyle changes, but this will require a consultation with a physician. However, for those with type 1 diabetes, insulin is necessary from the time of diagnosis for diabetes management.
Insulin will cause weight gain.
True, but… insulin-associated weight gain is often due to reduction in blood sugar levels without a compensatory reduction in calorie intake, or from an increase in calorie intake due to the fear or experience of hypoglycaemia, either defensively or unconsciously. Weight gain can be managed by adjusting insulin dosage alongside dietary and lifestyle changes. To better manage your weight while also being on insulin, a discussion with your endocrinologist is necessary.
Taking control of diabetes starts with understanding it and making informed choices about your health. Whether you're managing existing symptoms, concerned about your risk factors, or seeking expert advice on lifestyle adjustments, early intervention can make a big difference.
Don’t wait until diabetes causes complications and affects your quality of life. To effectively manage your blood sugar levels for a healthier and happier future, book a consultation with our Consultant General Physician and Endocrinologist here.
Back
