Acute bronchitis refers to the inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the trachea. This inflammation results in the enlargement and hyperactivity of the mucous glands, leading to a narrowing of the tracheal pathway. Consequently, this condition causes cough, secretion, and dyspnea.
Causes of Bronchitis
- Respiratory Tract Infections: Most commonly caused by viruses, similar to those responsible for the flu and influenza.
- Bacterial Infections: These can be due to various bacteria, such as:
- Bordateria pertussis
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Chlamydia pneumoniae
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Irritants: Includes:
- Smoking
- Air pollution
- Dust
- Chemical agents
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Irritation from gastric enzymes in patients.
Signs and Symptoms
- Mild fever, chills, and fatigue.
- Coughing, which may start with little to no sputum but may increase over time.
- Presence of sticky green or yellow sputum, indicating bacterial infection.
Treatment Options
- Symptomatic Treatments: Such as antipyretic drugs for fever.
- Cough Medications: This includes bronchodilators.
- Mucolytic Agents: Recommended for patients with a significant amount of sputum.
Preventative Measures
- Ensure ample bed rest and intake of warm fluids regularly.
- Stay away from irritants, such as:
- Smoking and tobacco smoke
- Fumes and strong, irritating odours
- Chemical agents
- Keep away from cold and dry environments to reduce coughing.
- Avoid direct air from appliances like air conditioners or electric fans.
- Maintain body warmth.
- Receive an annual flu vaccine.
