A femoral neck fracture is a common injury observed primarily in older adults with osteoporosis, predominantly among women. Such fractures typically result from accidents, like falls on the hip. In younger individuals, traumatic injuries due to traffic incidents or falls from significant heights are the most common causes.
These fractures are frequently classified as intracapsular fractures, which take place within the capsule area housing the fluid lubricating the hip joint. Such fractures pose severe risks as they could damage the adjacent blood vessels, potentially leading to bone necrosis from a lack of adequate blood supply.
Causes of Femoral Neck Fracture
The primary cause of femoral neck fractures is falls, especially among those with osteoporosis. However, accidents can also result in these fractures.
Symptoms to Look Out For
The symptoms of a femoral neck fracture might encompass:
- Pain in the hips and groyne area.
- Inability to exert full pressure on the affected leg while walking.
- A noticeable outward bulge in the affected leg.
- Restricted hip movement during a physical examination.
Diagnosis Procedures
To diagnose a femoral neck fracture, the following steps are typically taken:
- A comprehensive review of the patient’s medical history, including details of the fall, previous hip pain or injury, and their walking capability before the accident.
- Conducting an X-ray.
- If the X-ray doesn't provide a clear result but a fracture is suspected, supplementary tests like CT scans or MRI might be mandated.
Treatment Options
The aim of the treatment is twofold: to alleviate pain and restore hip strength and stability, facilitate movement, and decrease potential complications.
Treatments can be:
- Non-surgical treatment: Advised for patients prone to surgical complications, bedridden individuals, or those without significant pain.
- Surgical treatment: Preferred for faster recovery and can be of several types:
- Internal fixation: Stabilising fractured bone ends using rods, plates, or wires.
- Unipolar/bipolar hemiarthroplasty: Replacing the hip joint with a metal prosthesis.
- Total hip replacement: Substituting the damaged bone and cartilage with an artificial hip.
Each patient's specific situation will guide the doctor in determining the most suitable treatment.
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