Haemorrhoids

What Are Haemorrhoids?

Haemorrhoids, commonly known as piles, are vascular formations in the anal region. They serve as cushions, aiding in stool control and anal sphincter protection. They turn into a medical condition when inflamed or enlarged.

Types of Haemorrhoids

• External Haemorrhoids: Located outside the anus, they create protruding lumps and are often associated with anal pain and swelling.
• Internal Haemorrhoids: Situated within the anal canal, these are typically characterised by bright red blood in stools.

Stages of Internal Haemorrhoids

1. First Stage: Invisible and unfelt.
2. Second Stage: Protrude during bowel movements, retracting afterwards.
3. Third Stage: Extend out but need manual retraction.
4. Fourth Stage: Permanent protrusion, swelling, and discomfort.

Underlying Causes

• Improper bowel movement, such as excessive or prolonged straining or rushing, which puts pressure on the rectum.
• Hardened faeces causing rectal bleeding.
• Chronic diarrhoea or constipation.
• Pregnancy.

Recognisable Symptoms of Haemorrhoids

• Fresh blood observed during defecation.
• Sensation of a lump due to prolapsing swollen veins.
• Anal itching.
• Anal pain due to thrombosed veins.
• Sustained bleeding could result in anaemia and dizziness.

Diagnostic Measures

Should you spot fresh blood whilst defecating, consult a healthcare provider to rule out severe conditions such as cancer. Diagnostics might include an anal examination and, in some instances, a colonoscopy may be necessary.

Treatment Options

Non-Surgical Treatments:

• Consume high-fiber foods and stay hydrated to soften stools and prevent excessive straining during bowel movements.
• Apply a suppository after a bowel movement or shower. Suppositories are now available in cream form for external use.
• Consider using a rubber band to tie off the hemorrhoid and reduce blood flow to it. This will cause the hemorrhoid to gradually shrink and disappear within 5-10 days. This method is effective for small to medium-sized external hemorrhoids.
• The doctor may administer medication around the blood vessels to induce shrinkage of the hemorrhoid.
• For small hemorrhoids, options such as electricity, lasers, heat, or cold therapy may be recommended.

Surgical Treatments:

• Reserved for severe or last-stage haemorrhoids, offering the quickest relief.

Potential Complications

• Ongoing blood loss may result in anaemia.

Preventive Measures

• Alter eating habits to soften stool.
• Respond to the urge for bowel movement promptly.
• Limit time spent on the toilet.
• Engage in regular physical activity.
• Eat fibre-rich foods like fruits, leafy vegetables, and grains.
• Consume 6-8 glasses of water daily, while avoiding alcohol.