Immunology and Serology

Immunology is the study of the body’s immune system and its functions and disorders. Serology is the study of blood serum (the clear fluid that separates when blood clots).

What this test for?
Evaluate a person for autoimmune disorders that affect any tissues and organs throughout the body and is most often used as one of the tests to help diagnose systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Specimen & Container: Serum (SST) or plasma (Lithium heparin), 5mL

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Twice weekly

Method: Immunofluorescent Method

Turnaround Time: 4 hours

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

What this test for?
Help to diagnose lupus systematic erythematosus (SLE) in a person who has positive result on a test for ANA

Specimen & Container: Serum (SST) or plasma (Lithium heparin), 5mL

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Twice weekly

Method: Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) assay

Turnaround Time: 4 hours

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

What this test for?
Determine whether a person is infected by Streptococcus group A.

Specimen & Container: Serum (SST) or plasma (Lithium heparin), 5mL

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Daily

Method: Latex Agglutination Method

Turnaround Time: 2 hour

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

What this test for?
Help detect and diagnose certain forms of autoimmune vasculitis, including granulomatosis with polygangitis, microscopic polygangitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polygangitis. It can also monitor treatment and/or detect relapse of these conditions.

Specimen & Container: Serum (SST) or plasma (Lithium heparin), 5mL

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Once weekly

Method: Immunofluorescent Method

Turnaround Time: 4 hours

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

What this test for?
Diagnose rheumatoid arthritis and to assess the severity and probable course of the disease (prognosis), inflammatory markers may also be measured at this time, such as ESR and C-reactive protein.

Specimen & Container: Serum (SST) or plasma (Lithium heparin), 5mL

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Daily

Method: Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay(CMIA)

Turnaround Time: 2 hour

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

What this test for?
Used as a tumor marker to help detect and diagnose cancers of the liver, testicles, and ovaries.

Specimen & Container: Serum (SST) or plasma (Lithium heparin), 5mL

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Daily

Method: Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay(CMIA)

Turnaround Time: 2 hour

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

What this test for?
Measure the level of C-reactive protein, which was produced when there’s inflammation in the body. High C-reactive protein levels may lead to heart attack or stroke.

Specimen & Container: Serum (SST) or plasma (Lithium heparin), 5mL

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Daily

Method: Turbidimetric / Immunoturbidimetric

Turnaround Time: 2 hour

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

What this test for?
Evaluate the immune system of a person diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and to monitor the effectiveness of antiretroviral treatment.

Specimen & Container: Whole Blood EDTA 3 mL

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Twice weekly

Method: Flow Cytometory

Turnaround Time: 2 hour

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

What this test for?
Determine whether deficiencies or annomralities in the complement system are causing, or contributing to, a person’s disease or condition. It is used to diagnose cause of recurrent microbial infections, angioedema or inflammation.

Specimen & Container: Serum (SST) or plasma (Lithium heparin), 5mL

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Daily

Method: Immunoturbidimetric

Turnaround Time: 2 hour

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

What this test for?
Monitor people with an autoimmune disorder.

Specimen & Container: Serum (SST) or plasma (Lithium heparin), 5mL

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Daily

Method: Immunoturbidimetric

Turnaround Time: 2 hour

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

What this test for?
Measures the amount of this protein in that may appear in the blood of some people who have certain kinds of cancers, especially cancer of the large intestine (colon and rectal cancer).

Specimen & Container: Serum (SST) or plasma (Lithium heparin), 5mL

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Daily

Method: Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay(CMIA)

Turnaround Time: 2 hour

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

What this test for?
Measures the amount of protein CA 125, a cancer marker for ovarian cancer in women’s blood. Early signs of this protein may expose the women to a very high risk of the disease.

Specimen & Container: Serum (SST) or plasma (Lithium heparin), 5mL

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Daily

Method: Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay(CMIA)

Turnaround Time: 2 hour

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

What this test for?
Measures the amount of tumor marker for many types of cancer, especially breast cancer.

Specimen & Container: Serum (SST) or plasma (Lithium heparin), 5mL

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Daily

Method: Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay(CMIA)

Turnaround Time: 2 hour

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

What this test for?
Measures the amount of tumor marker for pancreatic cancer.

Specimen & Container: Serum (SST) or plasma (Lithium heparin), 5mL

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Daily

Method: Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay(CMIA)

Turnaround Time: 2 hour

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

What this test for?
A test that detects two different classes of antibodies produced by the body in response to a dengue fever infection, IgM and IgG.

Specimen & Container: Serum (SST) or plasma (Lithium heparin), 5 mL, Whole blood EDTA

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Daily

Method: Solid phase for Immunochromatographic assay for rapid test

Turnaround Time: 2 hour

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

What this test for?
Detection of the Dengue virus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) has emerged as an alternative biomarker to both serologic and molecular based techniques for diagnosis of acute Dengue virus infection

Specimen & Container: Serum (SST) or plasma (Lithium heparin), 5mL, Whole blood EDTA

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Daily

Method: Solid phase for Immunochromatgraphic assay for rapid test

Turnaround Time: 2 hour

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

What this test for?
Help diagnose mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjogren syndrome. It can also help identify scleroderma and polymyositis/dermatomyositis.

Specimen & Container: Serum (SST) or plasma (Lithium heparin), 5mL

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Daily

Method: Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) assay

Turnaround Time: 2 hour

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

What this test for?
Evaluate the immune system of a person diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and to monitor the effectiveness of antiretroviral treatment.

Specimen & Container: Whole Blood EDTA 3 mL

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Twice weekly

Method: Reat Time Reverse Transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)

Turnaround Time: 2 hour

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

What this test for?
Screen for and confirm HIV-1/HIV-2 infection, including acute HIV-1 infection, and differentiate HIV-1 from HIV-2 infection.

Specimen & Container: Serum (SST) or plasma (Lithium heparin), 5mL

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Daily

Method: Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay(CMIA)

Turnaround Time: 2 hour

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

What this test for?
Evaluate an individual for risk of cardiovascular disease and may be used in combination with a lipid profile or with other cardiac risk markers like lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 test, to provide added information about heart disease risk.

Specimen & Container: Serum (SST) or plasma (Lithium heparin), 5mL

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Daily

Method: Turbidimetric / Immunoturbidimetric

Turnaround Time: 2 hour

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

What this test for?
Used along with CA-125 to monitor women who have been treated for epithelial ovarian cancer.

Specimen & Container: Serum (SST) or plasma (Lithium heparin), 5mL

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Daily

Method: Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay(CMIA)

Turnaround Time: 2 hour

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

What this test for?
Detect Helicobacter pylori infection in the stomach and the upper part of the small intestine

Specimen & Container: Serum (SST) or plasma (Lithium heparin), 5mL

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Daily

Method: Rapid Chromatographic assay for rapid test

Turnaround Time: 2 hour

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

What this test for?
Detects past HAV infections and may occasionally be used to determine if individual has developed immunity from previous infection.

Specimen & Container: Serum (SST) or plasma (Lithium heparin), 5mL

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Daily

Method: Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay(CMIA)

Turnaround Time: 2 hour

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

What this test for?
Detects early or recent HAV infections and diagnose the disease in people with symptoms of acute hepatitis.

Specimen & Container: Serum (SST) or plasma (Lithium heparin), 5mL

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Daily

Method: Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay(CMIA)

Turnaround Time: 2 hour

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

What this test for?
Used to detect previous exposure to HBV; it can also develop from successful vaccination so it is used to determine the need for vaccination or to determine if a person has recovered from an infection and is immune.

Specimen & Container: Serum (SST) or plasma (Lithium heparin), 5mL

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Daily

Method: Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay(CMIA)

Turnaround Time: 2 hour

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

What this test for?
Screen, detect and help in the diagnosis of acute and chronic Hepatitis B virus infection.

Specimen & Container: Serum (SST) or plasma (Lithium heparin), 5mL

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Daily

Method: Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay(CMIA)

Turnaround Time: 2 hour

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

What this test for?
Detects the presence of Hepatitis B e-antigen; a positive HBeAg result indicate presence of active HBV replication and high infectivity.

Specimen & Container: Serum (SST) or plasma (Lithium heparin), 5mL

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Daily

Method: Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay(CMIA)

Turnaround Time: 2 hour

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

What this test for?
Detects the presence of antibody to Hepatitis B virus; a positive anti-Hbe result indicate inactivity of the virus and low infectivity

Specimen & Container: Serum (SST) or plasma (Lithium heparin), 5mL

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Daily

Method: Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay(CMIA)

Turnaround Time: 2 hour

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

What this test for?
Used to identify acute HBV infection in the serologic window period when HBsAg and anti-HBs are negative.

Specimen & Container: Serum (SST) or plasma (Lithium heparin), 5mL

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Daily

Method: Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay(CMIA)

Turnaround Time: 2 hour

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

What this test for?
Used to screen and detect the presence of antibodies to Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.

Specimen & Container: Serum (SST) or plasma (Lithium heparin), 5mL

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Daily

Method: Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay(CMIA)

Turnaround Time: 2 hour

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

What this test for?
Used to help screen for and detect allergic diseases by measuring the overall quantity of immunoglobulin E in the blood.

Specimen & Container: Serum (SST) or plasma (Lithium heparin), 5mL

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Daily

Method: Immunonephelometric

Turnaround Time: 2 hour

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

What this test for?
Leptospirosis is a type pf bacterial infection spread by animals. It’s caused by a strain of bacteria called leptospira.

Specimen & Container: Serum (SST) or plasma (Lithium heparin), 5mL

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Daily

Method: Lateral Flow immunochromatographic assay

Turnaround Time: 2 hour

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

What this test for?
Detection of infectious mononucleosis due to Epstein-Barr virus and it is specific for heterophile antibodies produced by human immune system in response to EBV infection.

Specimen & Container: Serum (SST) or plasma (Lithium heparin), 5mL

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Daily

Method: Rapid latex particule agglutination test

Turnaround Time: 2 hour

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

What this test for?
Detection of antibodies (IgM and IgG) produced in response to an Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in the blood.

Specimen & Container: Serum (SST) or plasma (Lithium heparin), 5mL

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Daily

Method: Sensitized particles agglutination test

Turnaround Time: 4 hours

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

What this test for?
Detection of antibodies (IgM and IgG) produced in response to an Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in the blood.

Specimen & Container: Serum (SST) or plasma (Lithium heparin), 5mL

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Daily

Method: Immunoturbidimetric

Turnaround Time: 2 hour

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

What this test for?
Evaluate the risk of a seriously ill person from developing a systemic bacterial infection or person who is suffering from sepsis.

Specimen & Container: Serum (SST) or plasma (Lithium heparin), 5mL

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Daily

Method: Enzyme -Linked Fluorescent Assay

Turnaround Time: 2 hour

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

What this test for?
Measure the amount of prostate-specific antigen in the blood. PSA is a protein produced by both cancerous and non-canceroius tissue in the prostate, a small gland that sits below ta man’s bladder.

Specimen & Container: Serum (SST) or plasma (Lithium heparin), 5mL

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Daily

Method: Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay(CMIA)

Turnaround Time: 2 hour

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

What this test for?
Used to detect antibodies in the blood that develop in response to a rubella infection or immunization

Specimen & Container: Serum (SST) or plasma (Lithium heparin), 5mL

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Daily

Method: Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay(CMIA)

Turnaround Time: 2 hour

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

What this test for?
Rheumatoid factors are proteins produced by your immune system that can attack healthy tissue in your body

Specimen & Container: Serum (SST) or plasma (Lithium heparin), 5mL

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Daily

Method: Turbidimetry

Turnaround Time: 2 hour

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

What this test for?
Screen for syphillis.

Specimen & Container: Serum (SST) or plasma (Lithium heparin), 5mL

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Daily

Method: Rapid carbon particule agglutination test

Turnaround Time: 2 hour

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

What this test for?
Diagnose infection with Treponema pallidum, the bacterium that causes syphilis

Specimen & Container: Serum (SST) or plasma (Lithium heparin), 5mL

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Daily

Method: Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay(CMIA)

Turnaround Time: 2 hour

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

What this test for?
Indirect agglutination assay used for detection and titration of antibodies against the causative agent of syphilis, Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum.

Specimen & Container: Serum (SST) or plasma (Lithium heparin), 5mL

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Daily

Method: Sensitized particles agglutination test

Turnaround Time: 3 hours

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

What this test for?
Presumptive diagnosis of enteric fever, also known as typhoid fever.

Specimen & Container: Serum (SST) or plasma (Lithium heparin), 5mL

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Daily

Method: Sensitized particles agglutination test

Turnaround Time: 2 hour

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

What this test for?
Non-specific agglutination test which detects anti-rickettsial antibodies in patient’s serum. It is based on cross-reactions which occur between antibodies produced in acute rickettsial infections with antigens of OX strains of Proteus species.

Specimen & Container: Serum (SST) or plasma (Lithium heparin), 5mL

Transportation Requirement: 2-8 Celcius within 1 hour

Test Schedule: Daily

Method: Sensitized particles agglutination test

Turnaround Time: 2 hour

Laboratory Request Form: General Form

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